Penicillin drugs are one of the most commonly used antibiotics

Penicillin drugs are one of the most commonly used antibiotics in clinical practice

First of all, the mechanism of action of penicillin antibiotics is to interfere with the synthesis of the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria and its bactericidal effect. The cell wall synthesis stage of pathogenic bacteria mainly occurs during the reproduction period of bacteria. Therefore, penicillin veterinary drugs have the best killing effect on bacteria in the reproduction period. Pharmacologically, these veterinary drugs are also called bactericidal drugs during the reproduction period.

Penicillin antibiotics include natural penicillins, such as penicillin G;  enzyme-resistant penicillins, such as benzyl penicillin, etc.; broad-spectrum penicillins, such as ampicillin, benzyl penicillin, amoxicillin and so on. Because of the β-lactam ring in its structure, it is also called β-lactam antibiotic. The function of penicillins is to interfere with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, while mammalian cells do not have cell walls, so penicillin has very low toxicity to the human body, and penicillin that reaches an effective bactericidal concentration has little effect on human cells. 

However, the following points should be noted

1.Although the toxicity of penicillin drugs is low, a small number of people are allergic to these drugs, such as skin rash, drug fever, asthma, angioedema and even anaphylactic shock. The latter are the most dangerous, often happening in injection or skin tests. It occurs from time to time, about 50% occurs in a few seconds to 5 minutes, and the rest occurs in about 20 minutes, so more and more care should be taken. Skin allergy test should be done for all those who use it after the first injection or after the drug is stopped for 3 years. If the skin test is negative (can be used), but people who have abnormal symptoms such as chest tightness, wheezing, and itchy skin, they should not be injected. After injection of penicillin, observe for 20 minutes. Once anaphylactic shock occurs, immediately use epinephrine, hydrocortisone, etc. for rescue.

2.At present, the dosage of penicillin is increasing, and there is a tendency to use large doses (above 10 million units) or super large doses. The use of large doses of penicillin can interfere with the coagulation mechanism and cause bleeding. Occasionally, a large amount of penicillin enters the central nervous system and cause poisoning, which can cause convulsions, radiculitis, incontinence, and even paralysis and other “penicillin encephalopathy.” Therefore, do not increase the dose arbitrarily.

Penicillin is a natural substance produced by mold that has been shown to be very effective in fighting bacterial infections. This drug has inhibitory and killing effects on many bacteria and is therefore widely used to treat a variety of infections, including but not limited to respiratory infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, and ear infections.

Penicillins work by blocking bacterial cell wall synthesis, rendering the bacteria unprotected and ultimately leading to its death. Due to its unique mechanism of action, penicillin is widely used clinically and has been continuously improved and developed over the past few decades to improve its antibacterial ability and therapeutic effect against different bacteria.

However, over time, penicillins have also faced several challenges. Bacterial resistance is one of them, and some bacteria have developed resistance to penicillin, making treatment more difficult. Therefore, the medical community has been working hard to find new antibiotics or improve existing drugs to solve this problem.