Ergothioneine biosynthesis

What is the ingredient Ergothioneine?

Ergothioneine is a derivative of the amino acid histidine synthesized in nature by various bacteria and fungi. It occurs in most types of mushrooms with naturally high amounts detected in oyster, porcini, portobello, white button and shiitake types.

Why is Ergothioneine important?

Ergothioneine (ERGO) is a potent dietary antioxidant amino acid, first discovered in 1909 in Ergot fungus. It has been shown to be an effective antioxidant partly because of the stability of its thione form which predominates at physiological pH, making it resistant to autoxidation.

Is Ergothioneine an antioxidant?

L-Ergothioneine (EGT) is a natural antioxidant derived from microorganisms, especially in edible mushrooms.

Is Ergothioneine biosynthesis?

Ergothioneine biosynthesis from A. bisporus mushrooms is bioavailable as assessed by red blood cell uptake postprandially, and consumption is associated with an attenuated postprandial TG response.

What is the best source of Ergothioneine?

While mushrooms are the highest dietary source for the unique sulfur-containing antioxidant ergothioneine, little is known regarding levels of the major biological antioxidant glutathione.

How is Ergothioneine made?

Ergothioneine is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively.

How do you extract Ergothioneine?

A method for extracting and purifying l-ergothioneine powder comprises the following steps:

Soaking and extracting a mushroom mycelium fermentation liquid by using hot water, so as to obtain a mushroom and L-ergothioneine water solution; Performing ultrafiltration of the mushroom and L-ergothioneine water solution by.

Is Ergothioneine fat soluble?

Ergothioneine is water soluble and neutralizes several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including •OH, O2•−, ONOO−, HOCl, and 1O2. Accumulating evidence suggests that ET is endowed with cytoprotective signaling functions in addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role in cells.

Does heat destroy Ergothioneine?

Ergothioneine is an unusual antioxidant, in that it is exceptionally stable and does not auto-oxidize at physiological pH and is not destroyed upon heating. ET is water soluble and neutralizes several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including •OH, O2•−, ONOO−, HOCl, and 1O2.

Does Cordyceps have Ergothioneine?

Cordyceps militaris is a well-known edible and medicinal fungi for centuries in Asian, it has been developed as an important mushroom food recently. It contains many valuable bioactive compounds such as cordycepin and ergothioneine.

Is Ergothioneine a vitamin?

Ergothioneine is part of a group of compounds dubbed ‘longevity vitamins by the likes of Bruce Ames, a well-known expert in ageing and professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.

What is the use of Ergothioneine in cosmetics?

The Application of Ergothioneine in Cosmetics ingredient, ergothioneine can be adapted to most formulations due to its excellent efficacy, stability and water-solubility. Furthermore, EGT produced by biosynthesis technology has a higher purity and sustainability than natural extracts.

What Are the benefits of Ergothioneine for skin?

We have demonstrated that l-ergothioneine enhanced the level of reduced Glutathione and protected cells from the induction of a photoaging-associated mtDNA “common deletion”. In view of our results, l-ergothioneine could be an effective skin care and anti-photoaging ingredient. Health benefits of ergothioneine antioxidant may include: Anti-oxidation, Sun Protection, Anti-Inflammation:

1. Anti-oxidation

Ergothioneine can be transported to mitochondria through the transporter OCTN1 on skin cells, thereby to exert its antioxidant function. Ergothioneine in mitochondria can directly scavenge active oxygen free radicals produced by respiration and absorb ultraviolet rays, thereby exerting antioxidant and skin protective effects. In addition, ergothioneine can inhibit DNA damage and effectively protect against UV damage.

Ergothioneine also has the ability to scavenge free radicals, reduce lipid peroxidation, and promote the body’s own antioxidant enzymes.

Ergothioneine ability to scavenging DPPH free radical is 14 times that of glutathione, and 30 times that of Coenzyme Q10 at the same concentration.

2. Sun Protection

Ultraviolet rays in sunlight UVA can penetrate into the dermis of human skin, affect the growth of epidermal cells, make surface cells die, and cause premature skin aging. Ultraviolet UVB is more likely to cause skin cancer. Ergothioneine can minimize the formation of reactive oxygen species and protect cells from radiation damage. Many researches has proved that ergothioneine has the protective benefits against UV-induced skin injuries.

UV radiation can cause a large number of epidermal cell apoptosis. 2% ergothioneine can reduce cell apoptosis, increase the proportion of living cells by 39%, and reduce the proportion of late apoptotic cells by 76%.

3. Anti-Inflammation

Inflammation is a kind of response when the skin is infected. Excessive ultraviolet radiation and excessive pressure are all causes of skin inflammation. Studies have shown that ergothioneine can play an anti-inflammatory role in skin cells. At the same time, combined with vitamin C will obtain a more significant effect. The combination of idebenone and ergothioneine can reduce skin inflammation and skin damage caused by ultraviolet rays.

Conclusion

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