The 22 kinds of amino acid you must know

Amino acids are organic compounds containing basic amino groups and acidic carboxyl groups. The chemical formula is RCHNH2COOH. A compound formed by replacing the hydrogen atom on the carbon atom of a carboxylic acid with an amino group. Besides, they are the basic substances that constitute protein required for animal nutrition.

There are 22 kinds of Amino acids and the following is Amino acids chart:

Name	Abbr	Molecular	Molecular	Residue	Residue Weight	pKa1	pKb2	pKx3	pl4
Name	Abbr	Weight	Formula	Formula	(-H2O)	pKa1	pKb2	pKx3	pl4
Alanine	Ala	89.1	C3H7NO2	C3H5NO	71.08	2.34	9.69	–	6
Arginine	Arg	174.2	C6H14N4O2	C6H12N4O	156.19	2.17	9.04	12.48	10.76
Asparagine	Asn	132.12	C4H8N2O3	C4H6N2O2	114.11	2.02	8.8	–	5.41
Aspartic acid	Asp	133.11	C4H7NO4	C4H5NO3	115.09	1.88	9.6	3.65	2.77
Cysteine	Cys	121.16	C3H7NO2S	C3H5NOS	103.15	1.96	10.28	8.18	5.07
Glutamic acid	Glu	147.13	C5H9NO4	C5H7NO3	129.12	2.19	9.67	4.25	3.22
Glutamine	Gln	146.15	C5H10N2O3	C5H8N2O2	128.13	2.17	9.13	–	5.65
Glycine	Gly	75.07	C2H5NO2	C2H3NO	57.05	2.34	9.6	–	5.97
Histidine	His	155.16	C6H9N3O2	C6H7N3O	137.14	1.82	9.17	6	7.59
Hydroxyproline	Hyp	131.13	C5H9NO3	C5H7NO2	113.11	1.82	9.65	–	–
Isoleucine	Ile	131.18	C6H13NO2	C6H11NO	113.16	2.36	9.6	–	6.02
Leucine	Leu	131.18	C6H13NO2	C6H11NO	113.16	2.36	9.6	–	5.98
Lysine	Lys	146.19	C6H14N2O2	C6H12N2O	128.18	2.18	8.95	10.53	9.74
Methionine	Met	149.21	C5H11NO2S	C5H9NOS	131.2	2.28	9.21	–	5.74
Phenylalanine	Phe	165.19	C9H11NO2	C9H9NO	147.18	1.83	9.13	–	5.48
Proline	Pro	115.13	C5H9NO2	C5H7NO	97.12	1.99	10.6	–	6.3
Pyroglutamatic	Glp	139.11	C5H7NO3	C5H5NO2	121.09	–	–	–	5.68
Serine	Ser	105.09	C3H7NO3	C3H5NO2	87.08	2.21	9.15	–	5.68
Threonine	Thr	119.12	C4H9NO3	C4H7NO2	101.11	2.09	9.1	–	5.6
Tryptophan	Trp	204.23	C11H12N2O2	C11H10N2O	186.22	2.83	9.39	–	5.89
Tyrosine	Tyr	181.19	C9H11NO3	C9H9NO2	163.18	2.2	9.11	10.07	5.66
Valine	Val	117.15	C5H11NO2	C5H9NO	99.13	2.32	9.62	–	5.96

Notes：

1 pKa is the negative of the logarithm of the dissociation constant for the -COOH group.

2 pKb is the negative of the logarithm of the dissociation constant for the -NH3 group.

3 pKx is the negative of the logarithm of the dissociation constant for any other group in the molecule.

4 pl is the pH at the isoelectric point.

Reference: D.R. Lide, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 72nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1991.

Lysine, tryptophan and other essential amino acid:

It means that the human body (or other vertebrates) cannot be synthesized or the synthesis speed is far from adapting to the needs of the body. It must be supplied by food protein. These amino acids are called essential amino acids. The requirement of essential amino acids for adults is about 20%~37% of the requirement of protein. There are 8 types of functions:

Lysine: promotes brain development, is a component of liver and gallbladder, can promote fat metabolism, regulate pineal gland, breast, corpus luteum and ovary, and prevent cell degradation;

Tryptophan: promote the production of gastric juice and pancreatic juice;

Phenylalanine: participates in eliminating the loss of kidney and bladder function;

Methionine (methionine): participates in the composition of hemoglobin, tissue and serum, and has the function of promoting the spleen, pancreas and lymph;

Threonine: has the function of transforming certain amino acids to achieve balance;

Isoleucine: Participates in the regulation and metabolism of the thymus, spleen and sub-brain glands; the sub-brain glands belong to the headquarters and act on the thyroid and gonads;

Leucine: balance isoleucine;

Valine: acts on the corpus luteum, breast and ovaries.

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Lysine, tryptophan and other essential amino acid:

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